A recent study published in Kardiologiia assessed the significance of melatonin, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and morphological markers of myocardial remodeling for predicting the risk of complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure (CHF). This study enrolled 83 patients who underwent CABG in the period from September 2013 to October 2014. All patients underwent standard laboratory and instrumental examination, prior to CABG; concentrations of melatonin and NT-proBNP were evaluated 2 days before and after surgery. The findings showed that analysis of groups of patients with favorable and unfavorable hospital outcomes revealed no significant differences in serum levels of NT-proBNP. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the level of melatonin in patients with unfavorable outcome of CABG in combination with high comorbid load and high degree of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes with underlying moderate and high mRNA transport regulator (MTR2) expression. Additionally, a favorable effect of a combination of perindopril and amlodipine was elicited on myocardial remodeling. Hence, it was concluded that preoperative evaluation of the level of melatonin sulfate, apoptosis markers, and comorbid load can serve as prognostic factors of complicated course of the postoperative period after CABG in patients with CHF.